Natural Language Engineering II

Icya mbere gisabwa mu guhindura inyandiko ni ukugira ubushobozi buhagije mu kuvuga indimi zifashishwa (ubumenyi bwo ku rwego rwa C2). Hano, umunyeshuri agomba kuba akoresha adategwa, mu mvugo no mu nyandiko, Igifaransa n’Ikinyarwanda. ibisigaye ni uburyo bwifashishwa mu guhindura (gushaka imvugo ihwanye n’iyakoreshejwe mu rurimi rwa mbere, guhindura ijambo ku rindi twakwita kubadika n’ibindi.), nyamara ibyo biza byunganira ubumenyi buhagije bw’izo ndimi. Iyo uzi neza (wandika/uvuga udategwa) ururimi, ubwo buryo cyangwa amayeri birizana. Iyo mpindura inyandiko, sinjya ntekereza na rimwe ngo “aha ngiye kwifashisha uburyo ubu n’ubu.” Ubwo buryo kandi abanyeshuri babuhawe mu masomo yabanjirije iri ngiri.

Isomo rero rigizwe n’ibice bibiri : ihindura rivana mu Kinyarwanda rijyana mu Gifaransa n’irivana mu Gifaransa rijyana mu Kinyarwanda ; buri gice kikaba kirimo guhindura inyandiko zoroheje cyangwa zisanzwe no guhindura inyandiko zihariye.

Turatangira n’inyandiko zitwa rusange cyangwa zisanzwe, ni ukuvuga zidafite imiterere (imvugo) cyangwa ikivuga byihariye. Bisobanura ko inyandiko iba iri mu mvugo isanzwe, yumvikana rwose; nta magambo, imvugo bikomeye cyangwa kuzimiza birimo. Iyo nyandiko kandi ikaba iterekeye ikivugwa cyangwa insanganyamatsiko yihariye mu rwego rw’ubumenyi nk’ubukungu, firozofiya, ubuvuzi n’ibindi. Mbese yivugira ibintu bisanzwe.

Isomo ryigishwa mu byiciro bikurikira : habanza urugero rw’ihindura rutangwa na mwarimu kugira ngo yereke umunyeshuri uko bigenda. Haramutse harimo amagambo cyangwa imvugo bikeneye kubanza gusobanurwa, mwarimu arabisobanura kugira ngo umunyeshuri na we azakurikize urugero rwe.

Abahanga mu guhindura inyandiko bazi neza ko hatabaho uburyo bumwe rukumbi bwo guhindura interuro, ijambo cyangwa imvugo. Kandi uko ugira ubushobozi bwo kuba wavuga ikintu kimwe mu buryo butandukanye, ni ko wiyongerera amahirwe yo gukora impinduro nziza.

Hakurikiraho indi nyandiko iri mu rurimi A umunyeshuri asabwa guhindura mu rurimi B, akurikije urugero mwarimu yamuhaye. Hanyuma mwarimu arakosora, akereka umunyeshuri aho yibeshye, haba mu guhitamo ijambo riboneye cyangwa imvugo, uburyo bwo kunoza imyandikire ukurikije ikivugwa ; haba mu kubahiriza imyandikire iboneye y’ururimi ruhindurwamo. Inyandiko y’umunyeshuri mwarimu yakosoye imugeraho, iherekejwe n’indi yakozwe namwarimu, imwereka uko yari kubigenza.

Intambwe ya gatatu ni umwitozo uhabwa amanota, ariko atazabarwa mu isuzuma rigenda rikorwa. Aha na ho, mwarimu arakosora, ibyo umunyeshuri yakoze bigaherekezwa n’inyandiko ihinduye ya mwarimu ngo arebereho uko byari gukorwa. Uyu mwitozo ushobora no gukorwa mwarimu atanga inyandiko mu rurimi A, iherekejwe n’impinduro yakozwe n’undi muntu ariko wenda itanoze ; noneho umunyeshuri agasabwa kunoza iyo mpinduro, akurikije ikivugwa mu nyandiko A n’imiterere yayo, igihe asanze ari ngombwa.

Nyuma y’izi ntambwe, ni bwo mwarimu atanga umwitozo uzahabwa amanota y’igenzura abarwa (CAT). Na bwo arakosora, akanatanga uburyo bwe abona iyo nyandiko ikwiye guhindurwamo.

Abarimu : 

Jean Chrysostome Nkejabahizi (Umuyobozi w'isomo)

Evariste Ntakirutimana

Patrice Ntawigira

Grégoire Mbonankira