2025-2026_ ARC4165 Landscape Design

Landscape design has been a manmade activity to change environment on the base philosophy, epistemology, methodology, and ideology of the Man.  The result has been included both promotional and erosion-al effects in consciousness and unconsciousness aspects to form the Man environment from primitive to progressive actions in different location, position, and condition in whole history of the world. It seems that all activities launched from locality, aboriginality, and personality to occupation, commoditization, and globalization. Therefore, reminded traces of ancient time explain the first landscape designing were initiated on the base of human needs and believes in religious, ritual, ideological, cultural, social, political, governmental, agricultural, and economical to demonstrate all aspects as built environment in designing, construction, constituting those landforms, landmarks, and symbols .