Resources for unit 2

Understanding the key aspects of pupils’ representations is essential for designing effective instruction that builds on learners’ prior knowledge, experiences, and perspectives. Such aspects include the following:

a.    Pre-existing conceptions: Pupils come to the classroom with ideas about how the world works. These ideas may be scientifically accurate, partially correct, or completely incorrect (misconceptions).

b.    Constructed knowledge: Representations are not fixed; pupils continuously modify their understanding based on new experiences and learning. This is a constructivist view of learning.

c.    Multiple modalities: Representations can be expressed in various ways:

•     Verbal (what students say or write)

•     Visual (drawings, mind maps,)

•     Gestural or physical (body language or physical models)

•     Symbolic (mathematical or scientific symbols and notations)

•     Actions (physical actions or hands-on activities)

d.    Personal and subjective: Each pupil constructs meaning in unique ways. Even when students use the same words, the underlying understanding may differ significantly.