Resources for unit 2

8.2. Key aspects of pupils’ representations

Understanding the key aspects of pupils’ representations is essential for designing effective instruction that builds on learners’ prior knowledge, experiences, and perspectives. Such aspects include the following:

a.    Pre-existing conceptions: Pupils come to the classroom with ideas about how the world works. These ideas may be scientifically accurate, partially correct, or completely incorrect (misconceptions).

b.    Constructed knowledge: Representations are not fixed; pupils continuously modify their understanding based on new experiences and learning. This is a constructivist view of learning.

c.    Multiple modalities: Representations can be expressed in various ways:

•     Verbal (what students say or write)

•     Visual (drawings, mind maps,)

•     Gestural or physical (body language or physical models)

•     Symbolic (mathematical or scientific symbols and notations)

•     Actions (physical actions or hands-on activities)

d.    Personal and subjective: Each pupil constructs meaning in unique ways. Even when students use the same words, the underlying understanding may differ significantly.